IT Infrastructure Management for Liberty Wines - MyAssignmenthelp

Questions: 1.What business dangers had Liberty Wines faced?2.How does Liberty Wines IT foundation sway its serious advantage?3.How did server virtualization advantage Liberty Wines and the environment?4. What information and IT issues were restricting FinCENs capacity to battle money related crime?5.Describe the IT updates and capacities required by FinCEN so as to accomplish its mission.6.On what does monetary insight depend?7.Why is the capacity to distinguish examples and connections basic to national security? Answers: 1. Freedom Wines encountered a tremendous development in the business and its branch neglected to effectively deal with the expansion in volume of information. The structures were very moderate and required more endeavors on upkeep. This inferred loss of proficiency of representative, and furthermore influences the center procedures of business, for instance, organize handling of request and the executives of stock As the administration level isn't given, the customers expect in a snappy paced condition or the ability to oblige advancement, they bet loss of future business just as the possible loss of current customers. 2. The decrease of expenses of substitution of equipment, force and cooling helps in improving the flexibility just as dependability with the assistance of reinforcement framework. This aides in accelerating of the procedure of business that empower the quicker running of application, improvement of the main concern just as better administrations to the clients are been given by workers extraordinary profitability (Nguyen, Min Park, 2015). Besides, the development of business in future assists with obliging quickly just as in a simple way. Upper hands are accomplished by the association by decrease of costs, improvement of administrations and extension for development in future. 3. The decrease of 10 servers to 4 servers among which one of the server is been reserved for the reinforcement framework causes cut in for the force use just as 60 percent expenses of cooling the assists with improving the main concern and the helps to diminish the carbon impression. The activity of use is quicker by better usage that yields in better administrations to the clients and phenomenal administration of stock. The expenses of equipment substitutions are been decreased by 69500 dollars just as when required the servers can be incorporated quickly and easily. 4. The report containing the information which the monetary foundation needs to give to FinCEN is of conflicting quality just as ailing in both normalization and approval. During the dissecting of information FinCEN got limited to straightforward schedules just as little datasets. The department bombed in leading the examination transversely of monstrous datasets just as they need capacities in proactive breaking down and inclining of expectation. The information revealed was finished by using various frameworks those were disconnected. These issues joined for FinCEN to go up against the issues in quickly recognizing the rising and imaginative dangers just as help with disturbing of criminal endeavors. 5. The overhauling of FinCEN in its capacities of investigation, foundation and databases of Information Technology was finished. The examination that was overhauled required for better gathering and information investigating with the assistance of different sources. It likewise encourages them by giving the government, state, administrative specialists just as locally requirement. The investigation of the association in ongoing time have the entrance of improved investigation just as abilities of assessment. The redesigning of database was finished by changing over all the information of eleven years from the framework inheritance to new record arrangement of FinCEN. The organization having its overhauled foundations helps the association in accepting, handling and putting away all the reports of FinCEN electronically. The association discharged FinCEN Query Web-based application. This is an imaginative instrument for looking through that is been gotten to by the examination of FinC EN, requirement of law, administrative clients and knowledge by giving the constant to getting to the previous eleven years information of Bank Secrecy Act. 6. The reliance of money related insight is on the successful investigation of information for recognizable proof of examples just as connections which uncover the unlawful movement. 7.The knowledge has the sped up just as capacity for recognizing the money related launderers just as fear based oppressor financers. It likewise helps in upsetting each crimes occurring inside the country. Examination late monetary wrongdoings that FinCEN has identified and upset. Clarify the job of information investigation in wrongdoing recognition. The strategic the association is to give shield to the monetary framework from the money related wrongdoing and advance the security inside the countries for examining and scattering the budgetary insight. The unit of misrepresentation location just as inward examiners deals with the information just as the framework and afterward process the discovery of extortion. The administration of continuous aides in dynamic (Cross, 2016). Reference List Cross, C. (2016). Utilizing money related knowledge to target online misrepresentation exploitation: applying a tertiary anticipation perspective.Criminal Justice Studies,29(2), 125-142. Nguyen, T. A., Min, D., Park, J. S. (2015). A far reaching affectability investigation of a server farm connect with server virtualization for business continuity.Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2015.

A Micro and Macro Analysis of the Mobile Industry Environment Using Essay

A Micro and Macro Analysis of the Mobile Industry Environment Using the Pestel Analysis. A Case Study of Blackberry - Essay Example This exploration will start with the explanation that Blackberry is one of the global electronic item providers on the planet that has figured out how to overwhelm the portable business advertise for quite a while now throughout the entire existence of the versatile business. The association is a significant provider of remote gadgets remembering cell phones and pagers and right now working for the dispatch of more items. Regularly known as Research in Motion, the organization began in 1984 and overwhelmed the world in 1999 with the presentation of blackberry arrangements. It kept on creating propelled models of blackberry arrangements while cooperating with mechanical and media transmission organizations, for example, MTN, Yahoo, AOL among others. Blackberry has demonstrated a prevalent specialized gadget particularly during the 9/11 emergency, in which it had the option to send messages where different gadgets had fizzled. Furthermore, during the Bacillus anthracis alarm, blackberr y likewise rose an unrivaled methods for remote correspondence, and the two frequencies earned it a notoriety for security and unwavering quality. BlackBerry recorded an income of $18.435 billion and benefit of $ 1.164 billion of every 2012. The company’s primary contenders are Google Inc., Nokia OYJ, Apple Inc., and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Be that as it may, the versatile business condition has significantly changed, and the force of rivalry has incredibly put the provider at a lower haggling end. As Husso calls attention to in his examination, researchers have taken a keynote of the adjustment in the dynamic versatile condition that has taken steps to push most associations out of the market. Notwithstanding the way that the organization is performing admirably monetarily, it isn't insusceptible to the weights of outside powers. As of now, most analysts have built up that new market contestants, change of innovation, and improvement of new government guidelines have a ll increased the opposition. Thus, the association has occupied with inquire about driven key administration to respond to the adjustments in the market power and to stay gainful in this industry. The portable business is one of the market situations that have gathered a wide scope of research from researchers over the world. Ryan communicated the opposition that exists inside the portable business and prescribed that every single versatile industry change to humble business techniques to make due in the serious market. This researcher called attention to that opposition has decreased the cost portable items so much that business valued market systems have gotten out of date in this market. The exploration of Ryan has been trailed by various analysts trying to assess different parts of the portable business condition. Scientists, for example, Kim and Tallberg have given specific consideration to the portable handset showcase and the opposition that has developed in the ongoing past.

Trp

Trp Thanksgiving was a beautiful day here on the East Coast I watched the Macys parade in a tee shirt. Actually, since that one snowfall, the weather has been quite mild it was nice walking around today. After a morning of reading, I had lunch at the Stata Center (or Building 32, or Building 100000 for you binary fans) and read, among other things, about how another of Frank Gehrys buildings, Disney Hall in Los Angeles, might have its stainless-steel exterior sandblasted because the glare is too great, and has heated the surrounding sidewalks up to a temperature of 138 deg F. So far, no such problems with the Stata Center. Across Vassar Street from Stata, the new Brain Cognitive Sciences building is shaping up nicely (sorry, I didnt have a camera with me). And across Main Street from Stata, the new Broad Institute building has broken ground and is moving quickly! All of this is good news for those of you excited about interdisciplinary research in the life sciences. Now, Im back in the office, giving my eyes a brief rest from all of the applications. Let me try to catch up on a few questions (while Im still backed up nearly a week in email) Shabin asked, Will my familys finacial limitations be seen in negative while considering me for the admissions? The short answer is, No. The slightly longer answer is Absolutely not. Often Ill get questions like, If student A did thing Foo, and student B did thing Bar, but otherwise they were exactly the same, which student would you admit? I never answer questions like that, because we dont compare two applicants to each other. We evaluate each applicant on their individual merits. Maybe theyd both get in. Maybe neither would get in. And of course its never the case that two students are exactly the same except for one thing (maybe these people mean, the same SAT scores and GPA?) each of you come to us with a different story, and thats mhat makes this job interesting. However, I once did answer a question like the A/Foo vs. B/Bar question above. The question was something like, If two students had exactly the same qualifications, but one student came from a very wealthy background and good school, but the other came from a very poor family and a bad school, which would you take? Well, of course this question is as ridiculous as any of the similar questions you could pose, but on this day I answered the question. I said that we would be more likely to take the poorer student, the one who has overcome more obstacles to succeed, assuming everything else was the same. I think most people dont believe this often times people will accuse me of lying, that we would never intentionally use more financial aid dollars. Honestly, I dont care about how much financial aid well have to give you thats Daniels job (and hes darn good at it!). We would like more students from lower income backgrounds at MIT, more students who are the first in their family to atte nd college (like I was), more students who have overcome challenges in their life. If this isnt you, dont worry; we know that the best students come from all types of backgrounds, high schools, with all different life stories. Were admitting the students who best fit MIT and MITs objectives, whoever you are. Shabin also asked about fee waivers, and, as Prashant said, a letter from your school certifying that the application fee poses a financial hardship to your family is just as good as an Official College Board Fee Waiver. We are happy to waive the application fee for anyone who cannot afford it. But dont try excuses like this one (paraphrased actual but ultimately unsuccessful attempt an excuse): My family cannot afford the application fee because we are putting all of our money into building our vacation house right now. Jane asked, Matt, when the committee meets and starts admitting people, do you send out the letter as soon as the decision is made to admit that person? Also, just wondering about the order the committee views the applications in, is it alphabetic or otherwise sorted? First question: Ive received a bunch of questions regarding decisions, so let me tell you what I know. All decision letters for early action will be mailed at the same time; I dont know what day that will be. Decisions will not be available online. If you dont receive your letter in the mail for a week or so after it was mailed (i.e. lost in the mail), then you may call our offices and get your decision. Otherwise, youll have to wait patiently for the good ol US Postal Service, who were good enough to employ my father for so many years. Ill keep you up to date as I know more. Second question: Usually when I get asked about sorting, people want to know if were making decisions on everyone from the same high school together, or everyone who listed the same major together, or everyone from New Jersey together, or anything like that. The answer, though, is, as I alluded to above, we are evaluating each individual applicant on their own merits. So when were in committee, one applicant might be a Hispanic female from a good high school in California interested in Computer Science, while the next applicant might be a white male from a less well known inner-city Chicago high school interested in Economics. So, its mostly random, though Ill have more to say about sorting in future posts. Beastie Boy Mike D asked, How many people does MIT usually reject in the early application round? Well, my handy-dandy statistics tell me that last year: 2833 students applied early action 438 students admitted early 2169 students deferred to regular action Using my amazing powers of subtraction, it seems that 226 students were denied during early action last year, which sounds right. I dont know what the numbers will look like this year. For the most part, when were unsure and the applicant is competitive (which, as Ive said, the vast majority of you are), well defer the student for further consideration during regular action. A long time ago (yes, I am way behind on answering questions), Diana asked: This has nothing to do with MIT, but I was searching for info on Ryan Cabreras drummer and found your blog. Just saw them play tonight and was completely amazed by this guy? Can I at least get his name from you? Diana, I can do better than give you my friends brothers name (yes, my friends brother is the drummer for the ex-boyfriend of the sister of someone who is actually famous), I can give you his name and his blog, Jordan Ploskys Journal of Drums. I should get back to reading applications now hope youre out of your Thanksgiving tryptophan sleepiness!

James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues - 956 Words

James Baldwin brings you on an emotional ride through Harlem in the 1950’s with his short story, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues.† From the beginning, we are in media res when the unnamed narrator is informed of bad news concerning his younger, troubled brother, Sonny. Throughout the story we witness the ocean of emotions between these two brothers battling hardships from their past, through flashbacks, and present time. The setting plays an important role in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† to an extent where it is practically a character in the story. The city of Harlem is a reminder of their troubles and the suffering it ignites is exactly what Sonny tries to run away from when he turns to drugs and jazz music. Through the setting of â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† and the example of the relationship between the narrator and his younger brother, Sonny, James Baldwin presents how a dark past full of suffering can influence present lives and relationships. The sequence of events is not in chronological order since the narrator goes from present, to past, and back to present in order to illustrate the suffering experienced by both brothers and to emphasize the impact the past has on the present. During present time, Sonny is sentenced to prison for heroine abuse. The narrator and Sonny are not close at this time because he doesn’t try to understand Sonny until his little girl dies and he has some of his own suffering to deal with. â€Å"I was sitting in the living room in the dark, by myself, and I suddenly thought of Sonny. MyShow MoreRelatedSonny s Blues By James Baldwin827 Words   |  4 PagesSonny’s Blues In James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† it is only when a brother loses his child that he realizes how easy it can be to lose his brother. The narrator’s little brother, Sonny, was left in his charge when their parents passed away. He neglects Sonny and leaves him to work through hard decisions on his own which leads to Sonny being picked up by the police for using and selling drugs. When the narrator’s daughter, Grace, passes he sees how suffering can affect people and reaches outRead MoreSonny s Blues By James Baldwin1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin centers on the conflicting relationship between two brothers that is explored throughout various stages of their lives. Through the structured, melodic style used by Baldwin there are reoccurring themes of suffering, family, and home that are used to further convey the idea of two brothers who love each other, but don’t understand eac h other. Ultimately, the relationship between the two brothers is greatly strained due them being polar opposites, their lackRead MoreJames Baldwin s Sonny s Blues2994 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Sonny, from James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† is portrayed as a sufferer. He struggles with his stagnation in Harlem, his unfulfilled dreams and the disconnect between himself and his only family, his brother. However, not all hope is lost. He serves as a teacher for others, full of knowledge of how one can truly suffer and still triumph (Norton 47). Only when he is finally able to connect with his brother through music, are his â€Å"blues† finally heard and he affirms his individualityRead MoreSonny s Blues By James Baldwin2300 Words   |  10 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, by James Baldwin there is the notion or a reoccurring theme of a conflict between light and dark between the characters. The notion is carried throughout the story of two brothers finding their own lights and trying to work towards a greater life. In the late 50’s, after the Harlem Renaissance, adolescents are faced with drug sales everywhere and crime sprees around every corner, this is one example of the darkness in the story. Kids began to form bad habits thatRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesntroduction: James Baldwin, author of Sonny s Blues, once said, I grew up with music...much more than with any other language. In a way, the music I grew up with saved my life (Session 3 Inquiry: Rudolfo Anaya and James Baldwin, 2015).   Blues becomes Sonny s drug and his addiction to it his salvation.       Even though the adults refrain from lamenting their sufferings directly to the children and telling them about the darkness, the child-narrator still intimates its marks in their facesRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues Essay2104 Words   |  9 PagesSeveral dialectics are at play in James Baldwin’s short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† including a dialectic between the narrator and his beloved brother Sonny involving their opposing responses to the sense of oppression and limitation that arises from living in Harlem. This dialectic and its resolution closely parallel Baldwin’s masterful use of Blues, Jazz, and Gospel music. We follow the narrator and his brother Sonny as they traverse the complexities of their individual and interconnected Harlem livesRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 995 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin presents an emotional journey through Harlem in the 1950’s with his short story, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues.† From the beginning, the story is in medias res when the unnamed narrator is informed of bad news concerning his younger, troubled brother, Sonny. Throughout the story there is an ocean of emotions witnessed between these two brothers as they battle hardships from their past and present time. The setting plays an important role in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† to an extent where it is practically a characterRead MoreSonny s Blues By James Baldwin1028 Words   |  5 Pagesand influence the subject’s ideas. Consciously and unconsciously, the individual reflects the confluence of his or her history and culture. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, a short story by James Baldwin, the dominant culture constricts the black individual. Subject to the explicit and latent biases of a racist society, the black population of â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† attempt to endure oppression and suffering and survive in an unforgiving land. However, they can thrive here with the hope and salvation provided by theRead MoreSonny s Blues By James Baldwin Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is a narration about two siblings – brothers - who choose very different routes in life in order to accomplish the zenith of individualism, expressionism and recognition. In doing so, they take a glimpse into one another’s spheres and learn to assent and appreciate each other for who they are. In 1951, Baldwin wrote Sonny’s Blues, a story of the ills that Harlem provided its youth. In Baldwin’s telling of the narration, it forms a nous of liberation, an atmosphere of therapeutic acc eptanceRead MoreJames Baldwin s Sonny s Blues1452 Words   |  6 PagesJames Baldwin’s Sonny’s Blues is a short story that, for some people, could be considered a challenging read. Not because of the level of difficulty, but for the fact that it shares a lot of human angst. However, Baldwin’s story still manages to be entertaining, as well as holding many life lessons in it. Baldwin’s story teaches lessons such as; dealing with suffering, being supportive, and accepting differences. James Baldwin’s Sonny’s Blues does a noble job of relating to the readers on various

Essay about Humane Treatment of Animals - 1419 Words

Humane Treatment of Animals Animal testing is a necessity in todays society. This topic receives a lot of attention worldwide. There are many people who feel that risking an animals well being is cruel and inhumane. They may be right; however, Im taking a utilitarian approach on this topic and saying that the greater good for majority of people wins. At this day in age we cannot simply stop testing animals until another way is discovered. The application of animals to test a large number of products from household chemicals and cosmetics to Pharmaceutical products has been considered to be a normal strategy for many years. Laboratory animals are generally used in three primary fields: biomedical research, product security evaluation†¦show more content†¦These regulations hope to ensure that such research is carried out in a humanely and ethical manner (AMPEF). The supporters of animal testing argue that if testing is eliminated, many of the medications and procedures that we currently use today wouldnt exist and the development of future treatments would be extremely limited. They argue that humans have been assisted from the healthcare developments that have been based on the benefits of animal research and testing for many years now. Supporters argue that research is justified because it assists in discovering ways to help people and other animals for the future. Surgery on animals has assisted in developing organ transplant and open-heart surgery techniques. Animal testing has also assisted in developing vaccines against diseases like rabies, polio, measles, mumps, rubella and TB. Development of antibiotics, HIV drugs, insulin and cancer treatments depend upon animal tests. They argue that other testing techniques are not advanced enough. The most radical progress in reproductive medicine such as oral contraceptives, in vitro fertilization, hormone replacement therapy, etc., have all been made possible by animal research (AMPEF). Medical procedures like measuring blood pressure, pacemakers and heart and lung machines were used on animals prior to being tried on humans. Surgery techniques, like those to mend and eliminate bone diseases were devised out ofShow MoreRelatedThe Humane Treatment of Animals vs. Factory Farms1407 Words   |  6 PagesDeanda Jones The Humane Treatment of Animals vs. Factory Farms The first questions we have to ask ourselves; do animals have rights, do they have feelings, do they feel pain, do they need as we do? To find the answer, one needs merely to think back on empirical data if one has ever owned or been around an animal, a dog or a cat, or horses or farm animals. Take for instance a mother cat. When a mother has kittens, she looks for a sheltered, warm, safe place to do so. When theyRead MoreZoo Humane Essay766 Words   |  4 Pagesbe viewed as a humane or inhumane place for animals to live. There are negative and positive ways animals are treated at zoos. For instance, the recent death of Harambe the gorilla at the Cincinnati zoo, has people viewing zoos differently than they use to. People have stated the lives of animals are secondary to the lives of people. Is the treatment of animals in zoos humane? The treatment of animals in zoos is humane because of their breeding programs, the health of the animals, and the enclosuresRead MoreThe Food On Biola University Is All Provided By Bon Appetite855 Words   |  4 PagesThe food on Biola University is all provided by Bon Appetite. In the beginning, I did not know that Bon Appetite’s food was Certified Humane so I decided to show support of humane treatment of animals by going on a vegetarian diet. Since I could not go off campus to buy Certified Humane groceries nor could I really afford buying healthy groceries, I decided to go vegetarian. I did the vegetarian diet for two weeks and obtained protein through nuts, beans, and peanut butter. When I was participatingRead MoreDisruptive Innovations in the Meat Industry1004 Words   |  4 Pagesethics. The commercial meat industry is being pressured by ordinary consumers as well as animal rights activists to treat animals more humanely, as has been seen by the rise in cage free eggs and organic meat. However, there is also a global demand for more affordable meat to feed the burgeoning population. This demand for more and better beef, pork, chicken and other meats has meant that more and more animals are fed grain in tighter and tighter quarters. Already, the United Nations FAO estimatesRead MoreAnimal Abuse During The 1900 S1384 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Abuse Movies, TV shows, circuses, and illegal gatherings in an old car garage are all places that animal abuse has taken place for the entertainment of humans. Since the 1900’s movie producers have been using animals in their productions (Dugas). Inhumane and unnecessary, are just two words that describe animal abuse, the use of animals for human entertainment is cruel and injustice. â€Å"Bite the Bullet†, a movie in the 1906 about a race through the American west, focused on the treatmentRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Animal Protection Laws Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesEffectiveness of Animal Protection Laws in the United States Almost eight million dogs and cats are surrendered to local shelters each year. Of those nearly three million are euthanized in the U.S. according to the ASPCA. There are only three federal laws in the nation regarding animals, The Animal Welfare Act (AWA), Humane Methods of Slaughter Act, and the Twenty-Eight Hour Act of 1877. The AWA specifies regulation for domesticated pets, while the other two are for livestock and humane killings, butRead MoreCan The Human Methods Of Slaughter Act And The Prop 2 Standards1480 Words   |  6 PagesAct and the Prop 2 Standards for Confining Farm Animals Protect Farm Animals from Inhumane Treatment? According to the anthropologist Professor Henry Bunn of Wisconsin University the use of animals for food dates back to two million years ago, when, â€Å"our human ancestors were small brained ape-men† (McKie, 2012). The use of animals for a source of food, clothing, and even entertainment is not something new to us. But what is fairly new are the animal rights movement groups as well as legislation thatRead MoreAnimal Farming Is An Option That It Is Not The Only Ones Who Are Traumatized1194 Words   |  5 PagesAnimals are not the only ones who are traumatized during this emotional process. The employees who must work in such facilities including the slaughterhouses are known to suffer emotionally as well, often severely. Temple Grandin, a slaughterhouse expert, states that it is not unheard of for the employees to â€Å"become sadistic, literally brutalized by what they must do hourly and daily† (Pollan 233). Also, physical health has deteriorated within and around s uch facilities due to the serious resultRead MoreEssay about We Need More Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation1416 Words   |  6 PagesWe Need More Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation    A life can be taken or created in a matter of seconds and with that has come the miracles of modern medicine. People have come to expect science to save lives, prevent illness, relieve suffering and improve the quality of life. The means of curing, treating and preventing diseases are not achieved by magic or accident. Medical advances are gained through years of intensive research -- research in which laboratory animals have playedRead MoreThe Evolution of Anticruelty Laws950 Words   |  4 PagesSoon, many groups were concerned about how animals were being treated. Anticruelty laws were first passed in Great Britain. The United States quickly followed, responding to the animal welfare groups; insisting that the government needed to act to prevent unnecessary cruelty to animals (Judson 20). This movement grew rapidly across the United States. In 1829, New York passed the first anticruelty law prohibiting the malicious injuring or killing or farm animals such as horses, oxen, cattle or sheep.

The Multiple Intelligence Theory Free Essays

Developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardener, a professor at the very prestigious Harvard University, the multiple intelligence theory states that testing a person’s intelligence through IQ tests is very restricting. In his very popular work, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence, Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on The Multiple Intelligence Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Howard Gardner cited eight kinds of intelligence that are innate in men- linguistic intelligence (â€Å"word smart†); logical-mathematical intelligence (â€Å"number/reasoning smart†); spatial intelligence (â€Å"picture smart†); bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (â€Å"body smart†); musical intelligence (â€Å"music smart†); interpersonal intelligence (â€Å"people smart†); intrapersonal intelligence (â€Å"self smart†); and naturalist intelligence (â€Å"nature smart†) (Armstrong, 2000). Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Those who possess the logical-mathematical intelligence would usually end up as a scientist or mathematician. They are mostly sensitive to and have the capacity to differentiate logical and numerical patterns (Gardner Hatch, 1989, being well versed with everything that has something to do with logic, abstractions, inductive and deductive reasoning and most of all, numbers. Because of this, they are said to be excellent in mathematics, chess, computer programming and other activities that involves numbers and logic (WIkipedia.org). They also have the ability to handle long chains of reasoning (Gardner Hatch, 1989). Linguistic Intelligence Those who possess this form of intelligence on the other hand are most likely to end up as poets and journalists for it has got something to do with words, be it spoken or written. These are the people who are sensitive to sounds, rhythms and of course, the meanings of different words. Likewise, these people are very knowledgeable in the different functions of language (Gardner Hatch, 1989). They are good in reading, writing and even telling stories. At the same time, they are good in memorizing dates and words (Wikipedia.org, 2007). They rely on taking notes, reading, listening to lectures, discussions and debates as their primary source of knowledge. These people are said to learn foreign languages easily, having a very high verbal memory and the capacity to understand the structure of words and sentences. Musical Intelligence People having musical intelligence tend to become composers, violinist, musicians, singers, etc. They have the ability to produce and at the same time, appreciate rhythm, pitch and timbre together with the appreciation of the different forms through which music is expressed (Gardner Hatcher, 1989). Those who also possess this kind of intelligence tend to learn and memorize different types of information through the use of music. More often than not, they work efficiently and effectively with music playing in the background (Wikipedia.org, 2007). Spatial Intelligence Possessing this kind of intelligence, a person may end up as a navigator, sculptor as they are good in visualizing and mentally manipulating objects (Wikipedia.org, 2007). With this perception comes their accuracy in performing transformation based on their perceptions (Gardner Hatch, 1989). Body-Kinesthetic Intelligence Those who possess this kind of intelligence, on the other hand end up as athletes or dancers, as this has something to do with movement. People who are intelligent based on this often prefer activities that make use of body movements, which make them also good in building and making things. They remember things through their body, making use of what is known as muscle memory (Gardner Hatcher, 1989). Interpersonal Intelligence Possessing this type of intelligence makes one individual a future therapist or salesman, having the capacity to respond to the moods, temperaments, motivations and desires of other people (Gardner Hatcher, 1989).   They are usually extroverts who excel so much in interacting with others. Intrapersonal Intelligence They end up to be a person with detailed, accurate, self knowledge that could access one’s feelings and be able to draw them in guiding behavior, strengths, weaknesses, etc (Gardner Hatcher, 1989). Education and the Multiple Intelligence Theory The concept of intelligence permeates our day to day lives just like any other psychological concept. Before completing and even entering an institute of education, students are asked to complete and aptitude exam that would measure their intelligence quotient or IQ that could determine their preparedness and capacity to learn in institutions like the one they are applying in. Intelligence tests have been a very important tool that is being used in most educational institutions that place a very high importance on the relationship between intelligence and education (Wagner Sternberg, 1984) According to Dr. Gardner, most of the schools and cultures tend to focus more on the linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences of its pupils thus raising the self esteem levels of individuals who are well versed in their language, of individuals who know so much about math, individuals who are expert in reasoning. The different cultures and societies fail to recognize the achievements and intelligence of those people who have display other types of intelligence- the artists, architects, musicians, designers, athletes, and those other who truly show their importance in the other aspects of the society (Armstrong, 2000). It is also because of the societies focus on the linguistic and logical-mathematic intelligence that schools are unable to address the needs of students who are not gifted with these kinds of intelligence. Unfortunately, those who have not been giving due recognition for the intelligence they have [as they possess other kinds of intelligence apart from those society deems very important] usually suffer ADD or Attention Deficit Disorder (Armstrong, 2000). As Gardner reiterated in his study of MI theory, an individual is mechanically equipped with unique intelligence to cope up in a diverse cultural society. It provides students with options to success and recognition for whatever talents they have. Linguistic intelligence and personal intelligence gives great opportunities for individuals in a globally competitive society. The structural views of education are now diverse in regarding intelligence out of just the normal scope of intelligence. The multiple intelligence theory is said to be a threat to formal education, a death knell as they say, believing that teaching to address a single kind of intelligence is already hard. However, most schools have actually responded positively to Gardner’s theory as it is said to validate educator’s everyday experience, recognizing the difference in the way students think and learn. At the same time, educators have recognized the possession of the seven kinds of intelligence as a necessity in living life well. It is for this reason that teachers are being called to attend to all kinds of intelligence, not just the two kinds of intelligence traditionally addressed by educators and educational institutions (Smith, 2002). MI is a means to foster high quality work. MI should be used as a tool to promote a high quality of education instead of just a theory (Smith, 2002). Creativity is promoted in the nuance of education and by which it helps the production of more creative ideas to continually support the existing knowledge we learn in school. Students are also encouraged to learn beyond the four walls of the classroom, in preparing them for the real world. They are equipped with facts that they could apply in their day-to-day lives. Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has inspired a lot of schools to undergo educational reforms that could help raise the quality of education. According to Thomas Armstrong (2000), several methods have been incorporated in teaching academic topics. For example, the study of the law of supply and demand in economics does not just involve linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences such as studying by reading about it and the mathematical expressions by which the law is expressed. In the study, spatial intelligence is also incorporated through examination of graphic charts, observing the laws of the natural world (naturalist), the human world of commerce (interpersonal), the law in terms of one’s own body (bodily-kinesthetic and intrapersonal) or even the writing/finding a song that proves the accuracy of the law of supply and demand. It is for this reason that numerous schools have redesigned their curriculum to satisfy the needs of the people possess different types of intelligence. Arts PROPEL, in the US have developed a series of modules that serve the goals of the curriculum as well as the needs of its students. MI is a means to foster high quality work. Using MI as a tool to promote high quality student work rather than using the theory as an end in and of itself (Smith, 2002). Creativity is promoted in the nuance of education and by which it helps the production of more creative ideas to continually support the existing knowledge we learn in school. Students are also provided not only to think inside of the boundaries of the classroom but rather prepare them in the real world and set them in more ways than one. One which is only equipped with facts but not able to apply it in situations he or she faces. In the same way, Patricia Bolanos designed a public school in Indianapolis that supports the multiple intelligence theory. The curriculum is designed in such a way that it helps in finding the kind of intelligence a student is said to be possessing and at the same time, guide them in enriching what they have. Through the different steps that these schools have taken, they have in a way, considered the role of people who exhibit other kinds of intelligence. At the same time, the theory of multiple intelligence has become of vital importance to language teachers as it has allowed them to examine their teaching methods and how it effectively caters the need of their students. Different approaches shall be used in order to address the intelligence profiles of the students. Once again, the said theory has been responsible in enhancing the curriculum design, lesson planning and program development of various schools (Zulkuf Altan, 2001). Conclusion The rise of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has lead to different reactions by the academe and psychologists, considering its importance in every day lives. Schools require students to meet a certain score in their achievement tests before allowing them to enter into their respectable institutions. It showed the society that other intelligences, aside the two traditional ones that have been regarded as important in the society is important and should also be taken into consideration. Students have different interests, react to different subject matters and topics and of course, adopt different ways of taking in information (Gardner, 1995).. It is for this reason that educational institutions nowadays have readjusted their curriculum, in their hopes to cater to artistic, musical, body intelligences, etc. It is believed that it is only through this that schools could properly respond to the needs of their students having possessed a different type of intelligence, aside from the traditional, more popular ones (Gardner, 1995). With the multiple intelligence theory, various learning-styles have been built on particular sense modalities such as auditory, visual and kinesthetics, believing that it is only through this that educators may transmit the lesson and information to the brains of their students without giving them a hard time, giving them the access to information that could best meet their needs (Gardner, 1995). REFERENCES Armstrong, T. (2000). Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved October 21, 2007 From http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm Klein, P.D. (1997). Multiplying the Problems of Intelligence by Eight: A Critique of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gardner’s Theory. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from Jstor Database Gardner, H. (1995). Multiple Intelligences as a Catalyst. English Journal Vol. 84 No.8. p.8. retrieved October 21, 2007 from Jstor Database Gardner, H. and Hatch, T. (1989) Multiple Intelligence Go to School Educational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Implications  Ã‚  Ã‚   of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, by Howard Gardner. Educational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researcher.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Volume 8. No. pp.4-10. Retrieved October 21, 2007  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from Jstor Database Smith, Mark. (2002). Howard gardner, multiple intelligences and education.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved October 20, 2007 from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2007). Multiple intelligences, Retrieved on  Ã‚   October 20, 2007 from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_multiple_intelligences Zulkuf Altan, M. (2001). Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Century, Review. TESOL Quarterly: Vol. 35, No. 1, p. 35. Retrieved October 21,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007  Ã‚  Ã‚   from Jstor Database       How to cite The Multiple Intelligence Theory, Essay examples

Minar-E-Pakistan free essay sample

The minaret reflects a blend of Mughal and modern architecture, and is constructed on the site where on March 23, 1940, seven years before the formation of Pakistan, the Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Lahore), demanding the creation of Pakistan. †¢ The large public space around the monument is commonly used for political and public meetings, whereas Iqbal Park area is ever so popular among kiteflyers. The tower rises about 60 meters on the base, thus the total height of minaret is about 62 meters above the ground. †¢ The unfolding petals of the flower-like base are 9 meters high. The diameter of the tower is about 97. 5 meters (320 feet). Badshahi Mosque: †¢ The Badshahi Mosque (Urdu: ? ,) ? or the Emperors Mosque, was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. †¢ It is one of the citys best known landmarks, and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty and grandeur of the Mughal era. †¢ Capable of accommodating over 55,000 worshipers. We will write a custom essay sample on Minar-E-Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is the second largest mosque in Pakistan, after the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. †¢ The architecture and design of the Badshahi Masjid is closely related to the Jama Masjid in Delhi, India, which was built in 1648 by Aurangzebs father and predecessor, Emperor Shah Jahan. †¢ The Imam-e-Kaaba (Sheikh Abdur-Rahman Al-Sudais of Saudi Arabia) has also led prayers in this mosque in 2007. Mizar-e-Quaid: †¢ The Quaid-e-Azam`s Mausoleum is a prominent and impressive landmark of Karachi. †¢ Nearby are the graves of the â€Å"Quaid-e-Millat†. †¢ Liaqat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Quaid`s sister, Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah. Faisal mosque: †¢ The Shah Faisal Masjid in Islamabad, Pakistan, is among one of the largest mosques in the world. †¢ It is a state National Mosque. †¢ It is a popular masjid in the Islamic world, and is renowned for both its size and its architecture covering an area of 5,000 square meters with a capacity of 300,000 worshippers. †¢ Turkish architect Vedat Dalokays design was chosen. †¢ Construction of the mosque began in 1976 by National Construction of Pakistan, led by Azim Borujerdi, and was funded by the government of Saudi Arabia, at a cost of over 130 million Saudi riyals (approximately $120 million USD today). It is located at the end of Shaharah-e-Islamabad, putting it at one end of the city and in front of a magnificent backdrop provided by the Margalla Hills. †¢ It is a focal point of Islamabad, and famous and recognized icon of the city. Pakistan monument: †¢ The National Monument in Islamabad, Pakistan is a national monument representing the four provinces and three territories of Pakistan. †¢ After a competition among many renowned architects, Arif Masood’s plan was selected for the final design. The blooming flower shape of the monument represents Pakistans progress as a rapidly developing country. †¢ The four main petals of the monument represent the four provinces (Balochistan, North West Frontier Province, Punjab, and Sindh), while the three smaller petals represent the three territories (Northern Areas, Azad Kashmir and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas). Khyber Pass: †¢ The Khyber Pass, (also spelled Khaiber or Khaybars) (Urdu: ? ) (altitude: 1,070 m or 3,510 ft) is the mountain pass that links Pakistan and Afghanistan. Throughout history it has been an important trade route between Central Asia and South Asia and a strategic military location. †¢ The summit of the Khyber Pass is 5 kilometers (3. 1 mi) inside Pakistan at Landi Kotal and it cuts through the northeastern part of the Safed Koh mountains which themselves are a far southeastern extension of the Hindu Kush range. †¢ For centuries, it has been a trade route between south and north Asi a. †¢ Every stone in the Khyber has been soaked in blood. Rudyard Kipling called it a sword cut through the mountains.

Women’s Right (Compare and Contrast) Essay Example

Women’s Right (Compare and Contrast) Essay Everywhere, regardless of color, nationality, religion, and educational background, most women found them selves at disadvantage level compared to men in most aspect of their social lives. In the work place women suffers from sexual harassment, at home they suffers sexual assault and in some cases sexual abuse. In general, women suffer discriminations that are often times a result of either religious or government implementations of laws or doctrines that is discriminatory. Thus, even in their own domain, most women suffer physical and emotional abuses. There may not have justifiable reasons for this women dilemma although some put the blame partly on women victims themselves in view of the manner most women dressed. However, it cannot be denied that there are many women whose skills, intelligence, and leadership are far better than men are and yet they are either victims of discriminations in the work place or sexual harassment. What does the different gender based movement say about all these misfortunes that has befall on women. Mainstream sources said that women are helpless victims of systematic discriminations in all aspect of their social life, while independent source partly blame women for their own predicament. We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Right (Compare and Contrast) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Right (Compare and Contrast) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Right (Compare and Contrast) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What Mainstream Say about abuses and discrimination on Women The two main opinions on women discrimination tells that there seemed to be differing reasons why women became victims of abuses and discriminations. Mainstream source tells us women are vulnerable and often systematically discriminated just because of their sex. The mainstream source noted that in countries like Ukraine, Moldova, Nigeria, the Dominican republic, Burma, and Thailand women are bought and sold, traffic to work in forced prostitution, while government action to protect their rights are insufficient. The same source reveals that in some countries such as Guatemala, South Africa, and Mexico, women’s capability to enter and stay in the work is thwarted by private employers using women’s reproductive status to keep them out from the work. This action according to Mainstream source is backed up by discriminatory laws as well as by discriminatory enforcement of the law. Not only women were discriminated in many countries, they were even legally held inferior with men. In some Islamic countries like Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, women faces government-sponsored discrimination that legally held them unequal before the law. These countries’ discriminatory family code nullifies women’s legal authority and bestowed their legal rights in the hands of male family members, while restricting women’s involvement in public life (Mainstream source). In general, Mainstream source tells us that all these discriminations and abuses on women are beyond their control. Women are helpless against all these abuses that some times even lead to physical violence resulting to fatal consequences, including increased risk of HIV/AIDS infection. They do not enjoy government protection against physical violence at home, and they do not even have personal rights. Mainstream source calls all these violence, abuses, and discrimination on women as â€Å"global social epidemics† and three areas wherein women suffers discrimination and abuses. These includes legal, cultural, and religious areas in which according to mainstream source, women are methodically discriminated against, barred from political involvement and public life, isolated in their every day lives, beaten in their homes, raped in armed conflict, killed for having sex, assaulted for not conforming to gender norms, forced to marry, sold into forced labor and denied equal divorce or inheritance rights (Women’s Rights). Therefore women discrimination should be abolished. Title VII of the US constitution declares the discrimination is illegal. Due to these offenses on women, some loose gender based movements rallied against gender-based discrimination. Among this movement is the anti sexism movement which denounced gender based norms that promotes inequalities between men and women. This movement specifically noted the discrepancy in the division of work between men and women citing that fulltime work belongs to men while part time work is the domain of women. The difference is that full time work gets high salary (Five Cram). What the Independent source say about women Discrimination Independent source claims that some women are partly to blame of their misfortunes. Citing a new poll in Ireland an internet source entitled Significant Numbers of Irish Blame Women for Rape, pointed out that a huge numbers of people of Ireland think that women are at least partially responsible for rape if she flirts with man. The same article contends that more people are willing to blame a woman for rape if she would go somewhere at night alone and dressed provocatively.   The survey says ten percent of the people think the victim is completely at a mess if she has had a numbers of partners, while one in three believes that a woman is either partly or fully to blame if she wears seductive clothing (The Curvature). The article remarked that However, despite of the recent public opinion in Ireland, in general, many women are victims of discrimination. In many occasion, women are portrayed as sexual object. Pictures of nude women are used by certain companies to attract potential male customer. Women also serve as the attraction in most bars and clubs, which categorized women as mere objects of men’s desire, or as something that men can use (Women’s Right). In many countries, women’s rights are ignored. Women do not have access to education, and are subject to violence, which deny them control over their own bodies. In her article entitled For India’s Untouchable women, Cleaning Human feces, Linda Lowen noted that in India, women are used as manual scavengers to clean up public toilets with no water to flush the excrement (Linda Lowen). These women have only broom and a tin plate to gather up human feces, which they put into a basket and carry with their heads for up to two miles distance in which contents often drip into their hair, faces, and bodies. Despite that the work is illegal and hazardous to women’s health due to potential bacterial and viral infection, yet this practice still persist in India. Lowen pointed out that these women were forced to take on this kind of work because of poverty and the failure of the government to provide alternatives. Comparing and contrasting the Sources In most of the arguments it appears that there are similarities of opinions between the two sources as both were against discriminations. However, the mainstream sources emphasized that in general, women are innocent and helpless victims of discriminations and abuses just because of their gender. They therefore call for equality and the granting of the women’s right on global scale. They call on government and all concerned to stop discrimination and violence against women. The mainstream source emphasized on the abuses, violence, and discriminations that women are experiencing on a general situation or may be on a global scale to which in many countries women does not have enough protection from the government. They reveal the helpless conditions of women perpetrated either by the macho image of men who tend to display their dominance to conform to this norm. Because of these the anti sexism movement which aim to promote equality between men and women emphasized on the soluti on to these dilemma that women are facing. They offered practical solution to abolish the discrimination in the work place such as a practical shift in the distribution of the task between men and women in which in their view, it would open door to many changes (Anti Sexism + Work) This source also suggest for the reduction of the averaged work hours which in their view, will help reduce women unemployment. In contrast to this assertion of the mainstream source, the Independence sources although they might also denounce violence on women, yet they tend to put the blame on women victims. They emphasized that in most cases of rapes woman are partly to blame for their provocative manner of dressing. They also pointed out that when women would go somewhere at night alone, they should be responsible for their own safety and welfare. Thus when they are raped, they are partly to be blame for their predicament. The emphasis therefore of the independence sources are on the individual actions and misfortunes resulting to misfortune. The independence sources tells us about the result of how individual women carry themselves, and the manner they dressed which are provocative to such offence as sexual abuse and rape. However, discriminations on women in the work place and elsewhere are clearly beyond the women’s control and they are innocent of their struggle. Domestic violence on women and s exual abuses are also beyond their capacity to control and that these women are innocent of such sufferings. Conclusions Women are the same human beings as men and care for the same things as men do. It is clearly unfair to discriminate women based on their gender or their weaknesses. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides protection for the individual against employment discrimination based on sex, national origin, race, color, and religion. The provisions also protect women against sexual harassment and discrimination because of pregnancy, childbirth, and related conditions. In other words, although in some Islamic countries, discriminations on women is tolerated by government, yet the fact remain that women must have their own right as an individual human being and fellow citizen of this world. There is no justifiable reason fir women discrimination. The feminism quest therefore for equality and fairness is with men is acceptable as they are merely seeking for their own place in the society which long dominated by men.

Freud’s Theory of Defense Mechanism Essays

Freud’s Theory of Defense Mechanism Essays Freud’s Theory of Defense Mechanism Essay Freud’s Theory of Defense Mechanism Essay Psychoanalytic ego psychology is distinguished by the priority that it assigns to the egos management of instinct-derivatives. Ego psychology had its foundations in Freuds writings of the 1920s, but first became a distinctive approach to psychoanalysis in the 1930s. In Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety, Freud (1926a) listed ten manners by which the ego defends itself against dangerous thoughts: regression, reaction-formation, isolation, undoing, repression, introjection or identification, projection, turning against the self, reversal, and sublimation or displacement of instinctual aims. To this list of defenses, Anna Freud (1966) added identification with the aggressor (pp. 116-120). The list has since continued to grow. For Freud, das Ich, â€Å"the I, † was a metaphor that signified the part of the mind with which a person consciously identifies. In a loose sense, it was Freuds way of discussing the self. More technically, however, he defined the ego as the part of the mind that performs rational thinking, the type of thought that he considered a â€Å"secondary process.† Freuds (1923a, 1940b) concept of the ego did not include the defense mechanisms that Anna Freud (1966) attributed to it. Freud (1926a) explained: Symptom-formation†¦has two assets: one, hidden from view, brings about the alteration in the id in virtue of which the ego is removed from danger; the other, presented openly, shows what has been created in place of the instinctual process that has been affected-namely, the substitutive formation. It would, however, be more correct to ascribe to the defensive process what we have just said about symptom-formation and to use the latter term as synonymous with substitute-formation. (p. 145) : In this formulation, defense consists of (1) unconscious stimulus barriers, such as repression, that enlarge the dynamic unconscious repressed and so remove the ego from danger, and (2) the substitution of a fantasy for the repressed that manifests the repressed in symbolic fashion. The stimulus barriers are ego functions, and they alone are truly defensive. The substitute-formations are not ego functions; they are products of unconscious symbol-formation. Freud (1926a) explained them as pathological symptoms to which the ego makes an accommodation: It is†¦only natural that the ego should try to prevent symptoms from remaining isolated in one way or another, and to incorporate them into its organization†¦. The ego now proceeds to behave as though it recognized that the symptom had come to stay and that the only thing to do was to accept the situation in good part and draw as much advantage from it as possible. It makes an adaptation to the symptom-to this piece of the internal world which is alien to it-just as it normally does to the real external world. (pp. 98-99) Freuds (1926a) notion of defense mechanisms as â€Å"a kind of frontier-station with a mixed garrison† (p. 99) reflects the complexity of their origin. Every so-called defense mechanism combines a stimulus barrier, belonging to the ego, with a fantasy formation, of unconscious origin, to which the ego has adapted. Why does the ego accommodate selected pathological symptoms? Were the unconscious to be constantly producing new symptoms, the ego would be obliged to respond to them all, resulting in unwanted and frequent mood swings. Instituting selected symptoms as permanent structures does not lessen their irrationality. It has the advantage, however, of making the type of irrationality predictable. Because the predictability provides the ego with stability that is necessary for mood regulation, the automatization of selected symptoms may reasonably be regarded as a kind of defense. Unfortunately, Freud failed to distinguish clearly between stimulus barriers and the symptoms that the ego automatizes for its purposes of stability. The oversight led to the widespread neglect of the origin and nature of the automatized symptoms. Anna Freuds The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1966), first published in 1936, expressed an over-simplification that went unchallenged for half a century. Anna Freud (1966, 157) postulated â€Å"the egos primary antagonism to instinct-its dread of the strength of the instincts† (p. 157). She maintained her position throughout her life. â€Å"Many disputed it when I said it, and I still say that the ego as such is hostile rather than friendly and helpful to the instincts, because its against its nature to be friendly† (Sandler with Freud 1985, 494). Anna Freuds concept of defense flowed similarly from her failure to embrace the subtleties of her fathers formulation of psychic structure. Anna Freud wrote: The part played by the ego in the formation of those compromises which we call symptoms consists in the unvarying use of a special method of defense, when confronted with a particular instinctual demand, and the repetition of exactly the same procedure every time that demand recurs in its stereotyped form. (p. 34) In this presentation, defenses belong exclusively to the ego and are not themselves compromise formations. Symptoms and defenses are mutually exclusive; and it is symptoms that are compromise formations-between the instincts and the defenses! Anna Freuds account of defenses agreed with her fathers formulation in so far as stimulus barriers were intended, but it misrepresented the circumstances of such defenses as regression, reaction-formation, undoing, introjection or identification, projection, turning against the self, and reversal. In her fathers view, these defenses were themselves pathological symptoms. Anna Freuds hypothesis of â€Å"the egos primary antagonism to instinct† was able to command the devotion of ego psychologists presumably because Freuds structural concepts of id and ego were understood, for clinical purposes, on the topographic model of the old systems Unconscious and Perception-Consciousness. Anna Freud stated that for many decades she and many other psychoanalysts used both the topographic and the structural models of the mind in alternation, depending on whether, for example, they were momentarily concerned with dreams or defense mechanisms. â€Å"I definitely belong to the people who feel free to fall back on the topographical aspects whenever convenient, and to leave them aside and to speak purely structurally when that is convenient† (Sandler with A. Freud 1985, 31). In similar fashions, Bertram D. Lewin (1952), Jacob A. Arlow and Charles Brenner (1964), and Heinz Kohut (1984) estimated that most of their contemporaries reverted to the topographi c hypothesis when conceptualizing dreams. Bernard Apfelbaum (1966) drew attention to the distinction I have emphasized between Freuds view of the ego as the secondary process and Anna Freuds expansion of the ego to include character defenses: A distinction must be drawn between two conceptions of the ego: what may be called the â€Å"reality ego† versus the â€Å"defence ego.† The â€Å"reality ego† emphasizes the egos temporizing, compromising function-as a busy mediator between the demands of reality and of the drives. The â€Å"defence ego† is a more active principle, having superordinate goals of its own, before which both reality and the drives must yield. (p. 462) Ego psychologys transformation of the ego from a â€Å"reality ego† that performs rational thought, into a â€Å"defense ego† that includes the â€Å"character armor† (Reich 1949) of irrational defenses, depended on equating the ego with the sense of self. This step, taken within American ego psychology, later served as a point of departure for Heinz Kohut (1971, 1977, 1984), whose system of self-psychology may be seen as both a valuable contribution and an inappropriate expansion of defense analysis into a complete program of psychotherapy. Continuing David Rapaports (1960, 1967) project of introducing academic methodology and systematizing within ego psychology, Roy Schafer (1968) took issue with the â€Å"traces of the machine analogy in the prevailing conception of defence mechanisms† (p. 52). There are no machines in the mind. There are only thoughts. The notion of a mechanism is either a fallacy or a metaphor that refers summarily to both â€Å"the instinctual act and the defence against it† (p. 54). Morris Eagle (1984) added that â€Å"the supposition that the intensity of the instincts is threatening to the ego† derives from a reification of the metaphor of psychic energy. It is a purely fictitious notion. â€Å"The idea that instinctual impulses, particularly those of great intensity, are inherently dangerous to the ego derives from an a priori tension-reduction model of human behavior and a conception of the nervous system as naturally and ideally quiescent, and disturbed, in varying degrees, by excitation† (p. 111). Because too much energy will shatter or burn out a machine, reifying the metaphors of psychic energy and psychic structures leads to the idea that the structures of the psychical apparatus are inherently and necessarily threatened by psychic energies. In â€Å"Analysis Terminable and Interminable, † Freud (1937) corrected his daughters formulation without naming her explicitly. He asserted that â€Å"id and ego are originally one† and â€Å"the psychical apparatus is intolerant of unpleasure†-implicitly, of unpleasure alone (pp. 240, 237). He also emphasized that defense mechanisms and symptoms are two ways of discussing the same psychic elements: The mechanisms of defence serve the purpose of keeping off dangers. It cannot be disputed that they are successful in this; and it is doubtful whether the ego could do without them altogether during its development. But it is also certain that they may become dangers themselves†¦these mechanisms are not relinquished after they have assisted the ego during the difficult years of its development. They become regular modes of reaction of his character, which are repeated throughout his life whenever a situation occurs that is similar to the original one. This turns them into infantilisms†¦. The adults ego, with its increased strength, continues to defend itself against dangers which no longer exist in reality; indeed, it finds itself compelled to seek out those situations in reality which can serve as an approximate substitute for the original danger, so as to be able to justify, in relation to them, its maintaining its habitual modes of reaction. Thus we can easily understand how the defensive mechanisms, by bringing about an ever more extensive alienation from the external world and a permanent weakening of the ego, pave the way for, and encourage, the outbreak of neurosis. (pp. 237-38) Freud here took for granted his previous account of the origin of defense mechanisms as amalgams of stimulus barriers and symptoms. Defenses can alienate the secondary process from the external world only because symptoms are among their components. As flights from reality, symptoms are inconsistent with the reality principle of secondary process thought. Anna Freuds misunderstanding of her fathers theory of defense was one of several developments in the 1930s that collectively accomplished a paradigm shift in psychoanalytic theory and technique. Wilhelm Reichs Character Analysis (1948), first published in 1933, emphasized that differences in character types reflected differences among the defense mechanisms that individuals favored. Ernst Kris (1934) introduced the concept of â€Å"ego-directed regression, † or â€Å"regression in the service of the ego, † which permitted unconscious manifestations such as play and creativity to be diagnosed as whole-some, where their classical descriptions as â€Å"regression† had meant that they were pathological. Kriss revalorization of fantasy anticipated Anna Freuds revalorization of defense mechanisms. Her catalog of defenses, first published in 1936, supported the clinical technique of defense analysis, where interpretations are made of the defenses, and efforts to interpr et the unconscious drives are postponed until a later phase of the treatment. Heinz Hartmanns (1939) emphasis on the egos devotion to adaptation completed the basic paradigm of ego psychology. Where classical psychoanalysts thought of the benefits derived from symptoms as â€Å"secondary gains† of illness, ego psychologists construed defenses as positive adaptations and left unremarked their inherently fantastic and irrational nature. The idea of repression is perhaps one of the Freudian concepts that call for psychoanalytic treatment. Freud split the mind into three parts, the conscious, the subconscious and the unconscious. The conscious part of the mind is what is being used to read this paper at the moment. The subconscious contains information that is not in the conscious processing zone but could be very readily retrieved. For example, ones spouse, may not be present in consciousness but could quickly be prompted by just mentioning the name. The most important part in the field of psychoanalysis and in which the id and superego operate is the unconscious. The unconscious is that part of mind where so much information is stored but very hard to retrieve. Freud believed that the unconscious is a reservoir of human experiences forced to obscurity by the ego so that they protect the subject from unbearable pains if and when those experiences are remembered. Freud argued that when the ego fears the inability to balance between the ids sexual and aggressive needs and the proper way to attain it as the superego demands, the result is anxiety. In order to deal with this anxiety Freud proposed that the ego develops defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms reduce anxiety by reducing or redirecting anxiety in various ways, but always by distorting reality. Before listing the Freudian defense mechanism its prudent to highlight the defense mechanism categories as prescribed by Freud. First, reality anxieties which are fear of objects that can be physically escaped, for example, fear of a snake. Second, neurotic anxiety is a type of anxiety that comes from unconscious worries that the impulses of the ID will overpower the person, leading to impending punishment. Finally, this is fear of moral judgments or fear of violating moral values which result in guilt and shame. The defense mechanism of displacement involves the transfer of feelings or behaviors from a dangerous object to one that is less threatening. A person who is angry with the boss may maintain a discreet silence, then go home and shout at a family member. Or aggressive impulses may be unconsciously diverted from a frightening object to oneself, which may lead to self-inflicted injuries or even to suicide. Anxiety may also be displaced, as when a child who is victimized by abusive parents shies away from people in general. In contrast, the defense mechanism of projection conceals dangerous impulses by unconsciously attributing them to other people or things. For example, projected anger may lead to the belief that you are disliked, hated, or being persecuted by other people. In displacement, you know that you are angry and choose a safer target; in projection, you repress your anger and believe that other people are angry at you. Also, projection always operates unconsciously, whereas some displacements may be conscious. Although projection plays a significant role in the development of paranoid behavior, it is a normal way for very young children to deny their mistakes. Denial is often accompanied by another defense mechanism, fantasy, where unfulfilled needs are gratified in ones imagination. A child may deny weakness not only by playing with reassuring symbols of strength like toy guns or dolls, but also by daydreaming about being a famous general or worthy parent. Virtually everyone daydreams to some extent. As with denial, however, an excessive amount of fantasy prevents the ego from fulfilling its main function perceiving and dealing with reality.

Vacation in Thailand(Special Occasion Speeches) Essay

Vacation in Thailand(Special Occasion Speeches) - Essay Example For someone who grew up in the East and travelled to the West, it is hard to explain in words how deep the desire is to smell the Eastern air again, and be with warm, welcoming, and smiling people. This is not to say that Western people are cold and unwelcoming, but no one can deny the magic of the East when it comes to warmth and hospitality. Furthermore, they do not call Thailand the â€Å"Land of Smiles† for nothing (Burke 5). If you have even considered visiting Thailand for a vacation, the country will not let you down. It you are able to get past the more than 14-hour flight (Rickman 17), Thailand is definitely an amazing destination whether you are vacationing as single, partnered, or with your family. However, it is advisable that a vacationer has several days to spare, because definitely, a weekend will not be enough once you set foot in this amazing country. There are several reasons why Thailand is a good place to spend vacation in. Dollars have high value in the country, and several guesthouses and hotels are available for less than $20 USD a night (Burke 68). Food will never be a problem as they are available almost everywhere for even less than a dollar (Burke 71-72). Even resorts are inexpensive, making the vacation less costly than the typical daily cost of living in your own hometown (Rickman 54). Also, being a tropical country in the Southeast Asia, there are clear, warm days almost throughout the year. The seasons in this country are either rainy, hot, or cool. During the warm season, one can splurge in Thailand’s beaches, some of which are considered the best in the world (Rickman 35). And whether you look for a beach hosting party-all-night events, or just a quiet nature-type one, Thailand has one to offer you. Some might try to dissuade you when it comes to Thai food, but you will be in for a surprise when you get o taste the original Thai food taste. Additionally, Thai cuisine easily offers you lots of variety at, again,

Organization Policy and Stategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization Policy and Stategy - Case Study Example Retail sales, which were important in developing countries such as those in Asia, were less cyclical (Ghemawat 3). Asia was the growing market and its buyer power was weak because it had few cement manufacturers, high population densities and less cyclical demand. The industry was characterized by high barriers to entry in the form of high capital and energy-intensity requirements, cyclic demand and the maturity of the industry i.e. no major innovations had been recorded in the last 20 years (Ghemawat 2). About the competition within the industry we are informed that though there were six major international players, given their geographic diversification, they tended to be outperformed in any given year by competitors focused solely on local markets that happened to be "booming" (Ghemawat 3). Industry rivalry was not that intense. As for threat of substitutes, this only applies for the developed markets (Western Europe and North America) where due to the weather they prefer using wood or steel. But this would not be a big factor considering that the projected growth in these regions is at the lowest, close to 1% which is why the international players were eyeing the emerging markets. By the year 2000, CEMEX had become the third largest cement company in the world being led by the scion of the founder, Lorenzo Zambrano (Ghemawat 5). Initially, to reduce risk related to the cyclic core business, the firm began diversifying horizontally but after much thought they returned to their core competency area to seek growth through strategic acquisitions. This strategy saw the company grow to have the largest market share in Mexico before it began to spread globally. With this growth strategy, CEMEX moved from the United States to Spain to Latin America then to Asia and other regions. By December 1999 the firm had a presence in 15 countries. Still seeking greater international presence CEMEX dedicated US$1.175 billion

Gender Discrimination in Saudi Arabia

Gender Discrimination in Saudi Arabia The issues of gender discrimination in Saudi Arabia seriously need to be alert to every woman out there. Public need to understand how vulnerable these Saudi Arabia women been living throughout their whole life and the misery they went through. There is no freedom for them. This happens because of the extremely conservation of religious culture. They are not just being retracted by the Islam law, also by the social norms and tradition. SECTION II THE ISSUES AND WHO ARE INVOVLED I have chosen to focus on prejudice and discrimination against women in Saudi Arabia and comparing it with Singapore. The reason why I have chosen this is because I realized in Saudi Arabia, women have a pitiful life. They have been categorized by men for over many decades. Men are being more prioritized over women in their country in terms of gender, education, society which I will be covering in this topic. There is no freedom of speech. Their life is being controlled by men. Hence there is a need to bring up this issue to everyone so that the discriminated gender in Saudi Arabia can be reduced and the womens quality of life can be improved. Women in Saudi Arabia are normally seen wearing dull colours veil, head covering and a full black cloak. They must cover the parts of their body except the eyes. The clothing must be thick and loose-fitting which will not interest male. The reason of dressing so is because no seduction is allowed to men. According to Saudi culture, womens employment place is at home whereas mans is at the workplace. Women are not allowed to neglect their responsibilities of house chores. A new report released by Human Right Watch (HRW), it state that Requirements that each female, regardless of age, be assigned a male guardian be it a father, a husband, or even a son who must give permission for their charges to do everything from travel abroad or locally to study, seek medical care, work and marry effectively deprives women of their most basic rights and makes their participation in public life far more difficult. (Jim Lobe, 2008 Apr 21) Also in the same article, One 40-year-old Saudi woman, who was divorced from her husband and whose father had died, who had to seek permission from her 23-year-old son to travel outside the kingdom (Jim Lobe, 2008, Apr 21) This is an extremely absurd information for any Singaporean women to believe if this act was to be implemented in Singapore. In normal situation in Singapore, it is usually the children be it of gender have to seek permission from parents to leave a country. However in Saudi Arabia, they are being based on gende r where men have all the authority over women. And in most cases, women are needed to be accompanied by a man on streets. It is extremely common to see women driving on the road in Singapore. Unlike Saudi Arabia, women are allowed to own a car but they are not given the rights to drive. Women can still own cars in Saudi Arabia, but they are banned from driving them. (Associated Press, July 5 2010) They are the only county that does not allow women to drive. In addition to such extend, Saudi Arabia women actually threaten to breastfeed their male colleagues or men that they often come in contact with. The reason why they will do so is because they think that by breastfeeding the men, it will create a symbolic maternal relation. Within the same article, it also stated that if the women give their drivers their breast milk, the chauffeurs would be able to mingle with all members of the family without having to worry about violating Islamic law. In both scenarios, women are at disadvantage because despite of breastfeeding those strangers, they are still not allowed to drive. But if they do so, it also means giving the chance for those strangers to associate with their family members without fears breaking the Islamic law. SECTION III WHY IS IT IMPORTENT FOR US TO TALK ABOUT IT? Women are often being seen as more inferior as compared to men in Saudi Arabia, especially where the lack of education further verifies this. Majority of the women are not allowed to attend school just because of gender. It affects the society as it does not give a good impression to other countries. Women in Saudi Arabia do not have any say in almost everything even basic human rights like receiving medical care or working. As stated in the first example, they must seek permission from their male guardian before doing so. They are also being forbidden from participating in political issues such as election. Giving men the authority over women could means a higher danger for them. An article stated that The power given to male guardians actually contributes to womens risk of abuse and family violence, according to the report. Even when guardians are found to be abusive against their charges, social workers, doctors, and lawyers who work on such cases told HRW that it was almost impossible for their guardianship to be dissolved or transferred. (Jim Lobe, 2008 Apr 21) As women are considered the substandard ones in the society, majority of them are not literate. The only jobs that are suitable for them are those that do not required any skills as such being a domestic worker. In the same article, it also added that Many migrant domestic workers, mostly women, were kept in highly abusive conditions, being made to work up to 18 hours every day, in some cases for little or no pay. Domestic workers have no protection under Saudi Arabian labour law and have little possibility in practice of obt aining redress against abusive or exploitative employers. The government said that a law against domestic violence was being drafted. (Amnesty International, 2009) In most situations, women can only bear with all the misery and feel so helpless regarding it. The rate of discrimination in Saudi Arabia is extremely high and need to be brought up to everyone. Women are not given a fair chance when it comes to employment. Women remained subordinate to men under family law, were denied equal employment opportunities with men, remained banned from driving vehicles or travelling alone (Amnesty International, 2009) Women tried to protest against the discrimination act that men put on them, however the way they protest has limited effect. Such as the incident of being banned from driving, women protest it by threatening to breastfeed the men. This behavior will never happen in Singapore because it is never practiced in here. One woman who was being interview by the Gulf News said Is this all that is left to us to do: to give our breasts to the foreign drivers? She commented this because she understand even such threaten will only put women at disadvantage. SECTION IV WHERE CAN WE START TO FIX PROBLEM? I believe equal rights exist for everyone regardless of age, gender. This inequality treatment women received is the society is causing women to protest. Although the International committee such as United Nation (UN) has already stepped into Saudi Arabia to help those women, nevertheless there is still much limitation they can do. There isnt much that can be done by outsiders as its my belief that sustainable change is only change that happens from within. (Eman Fahad Al Nafjan, 2010, September 9) In 2001, the UN has a Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Its purpose was to ask Saudi Arabia to take action to end discrimination against women in all forms. The convention oblige Saudi Arabia to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women, including any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field. (Human Rights Watch, 2009 July 8) However, this convection has little effect. The Saudi government sacrifices basic human rights to maintain male control over women. Saudi women wont make any progress until the government ends the abuses that stem from these misguided policies. (Jim Lobe, 2008 Apr 21) To end the misery of women, firstly the government have to start their part. The Islam law is the biggest factor causing the restrictions for women in the country. Men should stop being chauvinistic and mentality that they are superior, where women should be stay home, this mindset needs to be highlighted. Various actions done by the Amnesty International USA of helping these vulnerable women in Saudi Arabia was to create awareness to people all over the world about how are they being treated. They even urge readers to send in appeals to the Head of Election Committee and the Ministry of Interior to help these women. Write to the Head of the Election Committee and the Minister of Interior, calling for women in Saudi Arabia to be given their basic fundamental right to universal suffrage without delay. (Amnesty International USA, 2004 November)

The Green Sea Turtle

The Green Sea Turtle is one of only 7 species of sea turtle, with all being in danger of becoming extinct. It is one of the largest sea turtles and has the highest migratory area. This report will cover from its physical description through to the specific role that it plays in the environment, as well as solutions to bring the creature to a least concern of extinction. Animal Profile: The Green Sea Turtle’s carapace (shell) has a mottled brown top, with it’s under shell a creamy white and this shell is often covered in algal growth. Its flesh is a light green and its head is relatively small, when compared to its body. Contrasting to the other sea turtles, it can’t put its head into its shell. The turtle’s front members are flipper-like, which propel it through the water at great speeds when needed. When hatchlings emerge from their eggs, they will weigh about 1 ounce, with the carapace only 2 inches long. Sub-adults will have a weight of approximately 200-350 pounds and will grow over 2 and a half feet long. Whereas the fully grown adult can weigh up to 400 pound (317. kg) and its carapace will expand to 5 feet long. The Green Sea Turtle is a reptile, and it comes from the family of Cheloniidae. The average lifetime expectancy for the Green Sea Turtle usually lasts more than 80 years in the wild, and it takes over 25 years for them to reach sexual maturity. One of the only differences between the 2 sexes, is that the males have longer and thicker tails than the females, and they also have one single mating claw, on the back of the fore flippers.

Through the Eyes of Modern Society

The intriguing documentary of Killing Us Softly 4 by Jean Kilbourne, provides for a controversial topic of the basis of advertising in the media and how it affects women directly and indirectly. Consequently, harsh results are perceived from these advertisements. Of all the â€Å"factual† statements made by Jean Kilbourne during this documentary, many fallacies arose. The media leaves us extremely vulnerable to assimilating ourselves to all aspects of mass media.I can closely identify myself with the situation at hand because I am a part of a society that is raised up on a pop culture that is ubiquitous. We are constantly consumed in the media every single day with advertisements flooding our brains. In fact, I feel that women are not as materialized, dehumanized, or objectified as they are overpoweringly depicted in Killing Us Softly 4. Essentially, Killing Us Softly 4 is an examination of the media and, especially, advertising’s influence on the society and negatively targets and affects women.It characterizes how women are portrayed as objects, not humans. This is represented by a series of advertisements focused on certain body parts, for instance, a woman’s legs or breasts, which apparently dehumanizes women. The issues related to the advertisements presented in this film include a major decline in self-esteem experienced by adolescent females, eating disorders, and violence against women, among other examples. As a result, Kilbourne immediately stresses her opinions that females are bombarded with a multiplicity of insecurities compared to males growing up.She blames this imbalance of self-esteem to the models that indirectly push women to look up to the unreachable ideal image portrayed in advertising. The result is damaging to our collective psychological makeup as far as the way we view women in the real world and how women view themselves. Is it the woman’s body that has been objectified for the sole purpose of this adverti sing? For instance, as stated in the video, it states that the perfect ideal women figure is always shown with a light-skinned, straight-hair, skinny figure.â€Å"Women of color are only considered beautiful if they resemble the white ideal† (5:48-5:56). In fact, I tend to disagree with this very statement. Women can be attractive and be a successful model no matter what skin color they are born with, where they came from, or what their heritage or race may be. Also, it was stated that certain races that are not light-skinned are usually represented as animals instead of human beings, which is an absurd statement. The quote given was, â€Å"Black women are featured as exotic animals, like leopards. Never shown modeling† (8:13-8:30).A statement like this is completely racial and stereotypical as well as close-minded against welcoming of other minorities into the modeling world. As a matter of fact, The United States consists of a melting pot of races, religions, and gen etic make up. So, by making an outlandish statement that is very hypocritical in many senses. When a young girl sees a model in an advertisement and asks herself, â€Å"What do I have to do to look like her? † In addition, women are not as materialized, dehumanized, or objectified as they are overpoweringly depicted in Killing Us Softly 4.Jean Kilbourne tries to formulate a ridiculous piece of research that she complied about the direct relationship between the ideal image of women. This is exemplifies, and coincides with the way that men view women with higher standards, which directly sparks violence against women. The evidence lies in the following quote: â€Å"It creates a widespread violence against women by turning a human being into a thing, which is the first step toward justifying violence against a person. † (9:19-9:42). There is not valid information to backup this â€Å"research† that Kilbourne is referring to and tends to have no apparent correlatio n.She went on to say, â€Å"This is the case with homophobia and terrorism. Dehumanization means violence is inevitable† (9:35-9:42). Respectively, these are all valid examples of groups of people that are alienated from society, certain people desire to inflict violence on them. However, once again the majority of women are not a part of those groups so this information essentially, remains irrelevant. In conclusion, many fallacies were present as a result of the statements made throughout the documentary.Jean Kilbourne tries to provide valid facts,  research, and propaganda against the objectification, dehumanization, and role of women in advertisement. An example of a fallacy is the thought that only women closely related to the white ideal are considered beautiful and modeling material. Another example of a fallacy would be the creation of an ideal imagine of women through advertising, directly pushes violence against women. Although Kilbourne brought forth some apparen tly true information and concern up front, the majority of the information is drawn directly from her own emotions, views, and opinions.

Essay on Obamas Nobel Peace Prize - 1041 Words

Obama’s Nobel Peace Prize It was announced on October 9, 2009 that American President Barack Obama is this year’s recipient of the Nobel Prize for Peace. The Nobel Foundation states that Obama was chosen for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples. (Nobel Foundation) Controversy and debate ensued in the world wide media. Critics have debated Obama’s worthiness. Supporters have cited numerous examples of the current U.S. Presidents’ nobility. Obama does deserve this prestigious award. Nobel prizes are awarded for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics. In his will, award creator Alfred Nobel â€Å"specifically designated the†¦show more content†¦(MacDougall) Other notable past winners include the 2007 winners Al Gore and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) â€Å"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to l ay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change. In 2001 the United Nations and Kofi Annan shared the award for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world and, in 1993 Nelson Mandela and former South African President Frederik Willem de Klerk were each awarded half of the prize for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa (Nobel Foundation) The question remains â€Å"What has the new President actually done in a mere 10 months in office to put him in the same league as past laureates such as Nelson Mandela and Mother Teresa?† (Savage) Savage cites four reasons the Nobel Committee gave to defend their choice. â€Å"Obamas focus on strengthening international diplomacy and supporting the United Nations, his work for a world without nuclear weapons, his attention to climate change, and his improvement of human rights. 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